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Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and user-friendly systems,〔(Ergonomics ) in Thesaurus.com〕 is the practice of designing products, systems or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them. The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, biomechanics, industrial design, physiology and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous.〔ISO 6385 defines "ergonomics" and the "study of human factors" similarly, as the "scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance."〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.sintef.no/upload/Teknologi_og_samfunn/Sikkerhet%20og%20p%c3%a5litelighet/Prosjekter/CRIOP/CRIOPReport.pdf )〕 The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics or human factors as follows:〔International Ergonomics Association. (''What is Ergonomics'' ). Website. Retrieved 17 March 2014.〕 HF&E is employed to fulfill the goals of occupational health and safety and productivity. It is relevant in the design of such things as safe furniture and easy-to-use interfaces to machines and equipment. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability. Human factors and ergonomics is concerned with the "fit" between the user, equipment and their environments. It takes account of the user's capabilities and limitations in seeking to ensure that tasks, functions, information and the environment suit each user. To assess the fit between a person and the used technology, human factors specialists or ergonomists consider the job (activity) being done and the demands on the user; the equipment used (its size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task), and the information used (how it is presented, accessed, and changed). Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, industrial design, information design, kinesiology, physiology, cognitive psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, and space psychology. ==Etymology== The term ''ergonomics'' (from the Greek ἔργον, meaning "work", and νόμος, meaning "natural law") first entered the modern lexicon when Polish scientist Wojciech Jastrzębowski used the word in his 1857 article ''Rys ergonomji czyli nauki o pracy, opartej na prawdach poczerpniętych z Nauki Przyrody'' (The Outline of Ergonomics; i.e. Science of Work, Based on the Truths Taken from the Natural Science).〔(Wojciech Jastrzębowski )〕 The introduction of the term to the English lexicon is widely attributed to British psychologist Hywel Murrell, at the 1949 meeting at the UK's Admiralty, which led to the foundation of The Ergonomics Society. He used it to encompass the studies in which he had been engaged during and after World War II.〔(Hywel Murrell )〕 The expression ''human factors'' is a predominantly North American term which has been adopted to emphasise the application of the same methods to non work-related situations. A "human factor" is a physical or cognitive property of an individual or social behavior specific to humans that may influence the functioning of technological systems. The terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「human factors and ergonomics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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